When Sciatica Pain Doesn’t Ease

Nerve pain is already uncomfortable, but sciatica is one of the worst forms. However, the condition is very common and impacts nearly three million people each year. Usually, the nerve pain is linked to herniated disks or bone spurs found in the spine that cause pressure on the sciatic nerve. Most people with sciatica can rely on at-home or non-invasive solutions to manage the condition. In some cases, though, minimally invasive surgery may be the only option for relief.

Causes of sciatica

Sciatica is caused by the sciatic nerve getting pinched. The nerve runs from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and into each leg. Most sciatica is linked to herniated disks or bone spurs, which can cause painful pressure on the nerves. In rarer cases, tumorous growths may cause sciatica. Degenerative diseases like diabetes can also lead to nerve damage.

Who's at risk?

While sciatica can occur in any individual, some groups may be more prone to developing the condition. Specific factors such as age, obesity, uncontrolled diabetes, and even extended periods of sitting can increase the chances. For some people, certain occupations make nerve damage more likely. Even pregnant women may temporarily experience sciatica when increased relaxin levels cause joints and ligaments to stretch. Extra weight gain from pregnancy can make symptoms more pronounced.

What are the symptoms?

Sciatica pain sits on a spectrum ranging from mild discomfort to debilitating. Usually, pain is mainly present on one side of the body and may be sharpest in one area, like a part of the leg or hip. In some cases, discomfort can escalate to weakness that impacts an affected limb. Sometimes, the pain appears after extended periods spent standing or sitting, may only be present at night, or after sneezing, coughing, straining, or even laughing.

Typical treatments

Most people with sciatica can rely on at-home solutions to find relief. Pain management is the main goal and may include hot and cold therapy as well as over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Even engaging in gentle stretches can help to strengthen the core and minimize discomfort. When the above is not effective, prescription pain medications, localized injections, and even physical therapy may all be recommended.

Microdiscectomy explained

If at-home or non-invasive medical treatments don't yield measurable results, a physician may recommend a microdiscectomy. This minimally invasive spinal surgery is often suggested for individuals with herniated disc-related sciatica. During the procedure, a surgeon removes portions of the impacted disc to reduce pressure on the sciatic nerve. Research has shown that 84% of treatment participants experience long-term success.

Choosing surgery

An ideal candidate for microdiscectomy is an individual with sciatica caused by a herniated disc. Not every individual with sciatica is a good candidate for surgery. Still, non-invasive methods will usually first be employed before recommending an operation. If sciatica pain is significantly interfering with quality of life, consider speaking with a physician to explore options.